This video covers the role of vitrectomy in diabetic macular edema, the effect of anti-VEGF administration before surgery, the steps adopted to minimize postvitrectomy bleed and its management, and all aspects of evidence-based decision-making including indication, timing of surgery, use of pharmacological adjuvant, lens management, choice of vitrectomy gauge, membrane dissection, bimanual surgery, and use of a tamponade.