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    Flap Closure Techniques for Refractory Macular Holes

    AAO 2019 Video Program
    Retina/Vitreous

    The video presents various methods based on the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique that can be used to successfully close a macular hole after primary surgery failure. Surgical videos will be presented. In cases of classical ILM peeling failure, minimal ILM flap, autologous ILM flap, autologous lens capsule transplantation and amniotic membrane transplantation are presented. Reoperations after failure of temporal ILM flap include repositioning of the flap or the use of nasal flap. Repeated surgery is a successful approach in primary failed macular holes. Swept source OCT and swept source OCT angiography documents long-term postoperative follow-up.