• My Dashboard My Education Find an Ophthalmologist
  • Home
  • Coronavirus
  • For Ophthalmologists
    • Meetings
      • AAO 2022
        • Meeting Information
          • Past and Future Meetings
          • Mobile Meeting Guide
          • Contact Information
          • Annual Meeting News
          • Health and Safety
          • Policies and Disclaimers
        • Program
          • Program Highlights
          • Subspecialty Day
          • Virtual Meeting
          • Program Committees
          • CME
          • Meeting Archives
        • Expo
        • Registration
        • Hotels & Travel
          • Hotel Reservation Information
          • Chicago
          • International Attendees
          • Hotel Meeting Space
        • Presenter Central
          • Presenter Central
          • Abstract Selection Process
          • Submission Policies
          • Subject Classification/Topics
          • Instruction Courses and Skills Transfer Labs
          • Papers and Posters
          • Videos
          • Grand Rounds Symposium
          • Program Participant and Faculty Guidelines
          • Faculty Development Program
        • Exhibitors
          • Exhibitor Central
          • Exhibitor Portal Information
          • Exhibitor Prospectus
          • New Exhibiting Companies
          • Exhibitor Resources
          • International Exhibitors
          • Promotional Opportunities
          • Exhibitor Hotel Reservations
      • Mid-Year Forum
        • Registration and Travel
        • Congressional Advocacy Day
        • Advocacy Ambassador Program
        • Program
        • Schedule
        • Sponsored Attendees
        • News
      • Codequest
        • Codequest Instructors
        • Claim Codequest CME or CEU Credit
      • Eyecelerator
    • Clinical Education
      • COVID-19
      • Education
        • Browse All Education
        • Courses
        • Cases
        • Learning Plans
        • Interactive
        • Focal Points
        • Wills Eye Manual
        • Disease Reviews
        • Clinical Webinars
        • Diagnose This
        • Self-Assessments
        • Educational Centers
          • Glaucoma Education Center
          • Pediatric Ophthalmology Education Center
          • Laser Surgery Education Center
          • Myopia Resources
          • Oculofacial Plastic Surgery Center
          • Redmond Ethics Center
      • Journals
      • Guidelines
        • Browse All Practice Guidelines
        • Preferred Practice Patterns
        • Clinical Statements
        • Compendium Guidelines
        • Complementary Therapy Assessments
        • Medical Information Technology
        • Ophthalmic Technology Assessments
        • Patient Safety Statements
        • Choosing Wisely
        • Low Vision
        • Eye Care for Older Adults
        • Eye Disease Statistics
        • About the Hoskins Center
      • Video and Image Library
        • Browse All Videos
        • Clinical and Surgical Videos
        • Presentations and Lectures
        • 1-Minute Videos
        • Master Class Videos
        • Basic Skills Videos
        • Interviews
        • Images
        • Submit an Image
        • Submit a Video
      • Podcasts
        • Browse All Audio and Podcasts
        • Experts InSight
        • Ophthalmology Journal
      • News
        • Browse All Clinical News
        • Editors' Choice
        • Headlines
        • Current Insight
      • CME Central
        • Browse All CME Activities
        • Claim CME Credit and View Transcript
        • CME Planning Resources
        • Complete Your Financial Disclosure
        • Joint Sponsorship Portal
        • LEO Continuing Education Recognition Award
        • Safe ER/LA Opioid Prescribing
        • Check Your Industry Payment Records
      • MOC
      • Resident Education
        • Resident Education Home
        • Browse All Resident Content
          • Courses
          • Flashcards
          • Interactive Cases and Simulations
          • Videos
          • Webinars
        • OKAP and Board Exam Resources
          • OKAP Exam
          • Board Prep Resources
          • OKAP and Board Review Presentations
          • Study Flashcards
        • Cataract Master
        • Diversity and Inclusion Education
        • News and Advice from YO Info
        • Pediatric Ophthalmology Education Center
        • PGY-1 and PGY-2 Resources
        • Simulation in Resident Education
    • Membership
      • Join
      • Renew
      • Current Member
      • Volunteer
      • Physician Wellness
      • Member Directory
      • Member Obituaries
      • AAOE Membership
    • Advocacy
      • Advocacy News
      • Get Involved
        • Ways to Give
        • How to Get Involved
        • Congressional Advocacy
        • Support the Academy's Agenda
        • Research Legislation
        • Find Your Legislators
        • I Am an Advocate
        • Advocacy at Home
        • Advocate Tools
        • Best Practices for Advocating at Home
        • Social Media Toolkit
        • Letter to Editor
        • Town Hall Guide
        • Guide to Engaging With New Lawmakers
        • Resources
        • Attending a Political Fundraiser
      • OPHTHPAC
        • About Us
        • Join OPHTHPAC
        • OPHTHPAC Blog
      • Surgical Scope Fund
        • Support Surgery By Surgeons
        • Surgery By Surgeons Blog
    • Publications
      • EyeNet Magazine
        • Latest Issue
        • Archive
        • Subscribe
        • Advertise
        • Write For Us
        • Corporate Lunches
        • Contact
        • MIPS 2022
      • Focal Points
      • Ophthalmology
      • Ophthalmology Glaucoma
      • Ophthalmology Retina
      • YO Info
      • Scope
    • Subspecialties
      • Cataract/Anterior Segment
      • Comprehensive Ophthalmology
      • Cornea/External Disease
      • Glaucoma
      • Neuro-Ophthalmology/Orbit
      • Ocular Pathology/Oncology
      • Oculoplastics/Orbit
      • Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus
      • Refractive Management/Intervention
      • Retina/Vitreous
      • Uveitis
    • IRIS Registry
      • About
      • Using the Registry
        • User Guide
        • Medicare Reporting
        • Maintenance of Certification
        • Non-EHR Reporting
      • Sign Up
        • Application Process
        • Why Participate
        • Once You've Applied: Getting Started
        • What Practices Are Saying About the Registry
      • Requirements
        • EHR Systems
        • Data & Technical Needs
      • Research
      • Registry Dashboard
      • News
      • Medicare & MIPS
    • Medicare Information
    • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
  • For Practice Management
    • Managing Your Practice
      • Managing Your Practice Topics
      • Coronavirus Resources
      • Reopening & Recovery
      • Practice Forms Library
      • Practice Management News and Advice
      • AAOE-Talk
      • Video Library
      • Ophthalmology Job Center
      • Benchmarking and Salary Tools
      • Academy Consultations
      • Consultant Directory
    • Coding
      • Coding Topics
      • Codequest Events
      • Ask the Coding Experts
      • Coding Updates and Resources
      • Coding for Injectable Drugs
      • EM Documentation
      • ICD-10-CM
      • Ophthalmic Coding Specialist (OCS) Exam
      • Retina
      • Savvy Coder
    • Webinars and Events
      • Annual Meeting
      • Codequest Courses
      • Mid-Year Forum
      • Webinar Recordings
    • IRIS Registry
      • Merit-Based Incentive Payment
    • Medicare and MIPS
      • MIPS
        • Quality
        • Promoting Interoperability
        • Improvement Activities
        • Cost
        • Avoid a Penalty
      • Resources
      • Medicare Participation Options
      • Medicare Advantage Plans
      • New Medicare Card
      • Provider Enrollment, Chain and Ownership System (PECOS)
    • Regulatory Compliance
      • HIPPA Resources
      • Office of Inspector General
      • Audits
      • OSHA
    • AAOE Membership
      • Join AAOE
      • Membership Benefits
      • Renew/Pay Dues
    • About AAOE
      • AAOE Board of Directors
      • AAOE Content Committee
      • Volunteer Opportunities
  • For Public & Patients
    • Eye Health A-Z
    • Symptoms
    • Glasses & Contacts
    • Tips & Prevention
    • News
    • Ask an Ophthalmologist
    • Patient Stories
    • No Cost Eye Exams
    • Español
      • A - Z de Salud Ocular
      • Síntomas
      • Anteojos y Lentes de Contacto
      • Consejos y Prevención
      • Noticias
      • Relatos de Pacientes
      • Exámenes de la vista sin costo
      • English
  • AAO 2022
    • Meeting Information
      • Past and Future Meetings
      • Mobile Meeting Guide
      • Contact Information
      • Annual Meeting News
      • Health and Safety
      • Policies and Disclaimers
    • Program
      • Program Highlights
      • Subspecialty Day
      • Virtual Meeting
      • Program Committees
      • CME
      • Meeting Archives
    • Expo
    • Registration
    • Hotels & Travel
      • Hotel Reservation Information
      • Chicago
      • International Attendees
      • Hotel Meeting Space
    • Presenter Central
      • Presenter Central
      • Abstract Selection Process
      • Submission Policies
      • Subject Classification/Topics
      • Instruction Courses and Skills Transfer Labs
      • Papers and Posters
      • Videos
      • Grand Rounds Symposium
      • Program Participant and Faculty Guidelines
      • Faculty Development Program
    • Exhibitors
      • Exhibitor Central
      • Exhibitor Portal Information
      • Exhibitor Prospectus
      • New Exhibiting Companies
      • Exhibitor Resources
      • International Exhibitors
      • Promotional Opportunities
      • Exhibitor Hotel Reservations
  • About
    • Who We Are
      • What We Do
      • About Ophthalmology
      • The Eye Care Team
      • Ethics and the Academy
      • History
      • Museum of Vision
      • Values
    • Governance
      • Council
      • Board of Trustees
      • Committees
      • Academy Past Presidents
      • Secretariats
      • Elections
      • Academy Blog
      • Academy Staff Leadership
    • Leadership Development
    • Awards
      • Laureate Recognition Award
      • Outstanding Advocate Award
      • Outstanding Humanitarian Service Award
      • International Blindness Prevention Award
      • Distinguished Service Award
      • Guests of Honor
      • Secretariat Award
      • Straatsma Award
      • Achievement Award Program
      • Artemis Award
      • EnergEYES Award
      • International Education Award
      • International Scholar Award
      • Commitment to Advocacy Award
      • Visionary Society Award
    • Financial Relationships
    • Policy Statements
    • Related Organizations
      • Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Directory
      • State Society Directory
      • Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Meetings
      • State Society Meetings
      • Resources for Societies
    • Year in Review
      • 2020 Year in Review
  • Foundation
    • About
      • 2020-2021 Annual Report
      • Annual Report Archives
      • News From the Chair
      • Foundation Staff
    • Our Impact
      • Partners for Sight
      • Donor Spotlights
      • Global Ophthalmic Community
      • Sponsorships
      • Patients and the Public
    • Giving Options
      • Our Supporters
      • Estate and Planned Giving
      • Ophthalmic Business Council
      • Parke Center Campaign
      • Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring Campaign
      • Museum of the Eye Campaign
    • Orbital Gala
      • Why Attend
      • Photo Recap
      • Corporate Support Opportunities
      • Tribute Gifts
      • Silent Auction
      • Corporate Sponsors
    • Donate
    • Museum of the Eye Campaign
      • Museum Supporters
  • Museum of the Eye
    • Visit
    • What's On
      • Museum Galleries
      • Special Exhibitions
      • Current Events
      • Past Events
    • Explore
      • Research and Resources
      • Collection Search
      • Previous Exhibits
      • Oral Histories
      • Biographies
    • Volunteer
    • Mailing List
    • Donate
    • About the Museum
      • Museum Blog
  • Young Ophthalmologists
    • YO Info
    • Learn to Bill
    • Engage with the Academy
  • Senior Ophthalmologists
    • Scope
    • Practice Transitions
  • International Ophthalmologists
    • Global Programs and Resources for National Societies
    • Awards
    • Global Outreach
  • Residents
  • Medical Students
×
Shop
Log In Create an Account
  • For Ophthalmologists
  • For Practice Management
  • For Public & Patients
  • Coronavirus
  • About
  • Foundation
  • Museum of the Eye
  • COVID-19
  • Journals
  • Education
    • Education
    • Courses
    • Cases
    • Learning Plans
    • Interactive
    • Focal Points
    • Wills Eye Manual
    • Disease Reviews
    • Clinical Webinars
    • Diagnose This
    • Self-Assessments
    • Education Centers
      • Glaucoma Education Center
      • Pediatric Ophthalmology Education Center
      • Laser Surgery Education Center
      • Oculofacial Plastic Surgery Center
      • Redmond Ethics Center
      • Myopia Resources
      • Thyroid Eye Disease Resources
  • Guidelines
    • Practice Guidelines
    • Preferred Practice Patterns
    • Clinical Statements
    • Ophthalmic Technology Assessments
    • Patient Safety Statements
    • Complementary Therapy Assessments
    • Compendium Guidelines
    • Medical Information Technology
    • Low Vision
    • Choosing Wisely
    • Eye Care for Older Adults
    • Eye Disease Statistics
    • About the Hoskins Center
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Premium IOLs
    • Patient-Reported Outcomes with LASIK Symptoms and Satisfaction
  • Multimedia
    • Multimedia Library
    • Video
      • 1-Minute Videos
      • Presentations and Lectures
      • Master Class Videos
      • Basic Skills Videos
      • Clinical and Surgical Videos
      • Interviews
      • Resident Lectures
      • Submit a Video
      • YO Video Contest
    • Podcasts
      • Browse Podcast Archive
      • Experts InSight Podcast
      • Ophthalmology Journal Podcast
    • Images
      • Submit an Image
  • News
    • Clinical News
    • Editors' Choice
    • Headlines
    • Current Insight
  • CME
    • CME Central
    • Claim CME Credit and View Transcript
    • CME Planning Resources
    • Complete Your Financial Disclosure
    • Joint Sponsorship Portal
    • LEO Continuing Education Recognition Award
    • Safe ER/LA Opioid Prescribing
    • Check Your Industry Payment Records
  • MOC
  • Residents
    • Resident Education Home
    • Browse All Resident Content
      • Courses
      • Flashcards and Study Presentations
      • Interactive Cases and Simulations
      • Videos
      • Webinars
    • Cataract Master
    • Diversity and Inclusion Education
    • News and Advice from YO Info
    • OKAP and Board Exam Resources
      • OKAP Exam
      • Board Prep Resources
      • OKAP and Board Review Presentations
      • Study Flashcards
    • Pediatric Ophthalmology Education Center
    • PGY-1 and PGY-2 Resources
    • Resident Knowledge Exchange
    • Simulation in Resident Education
    • Clinical Education /
    • Book Excerpts /
    • Basic and Clinical Science Course - Excerpt
  • 2020–2021 BCSC Basic and Clinical Science Course™

    Go to Academy Store Learn more and Purchase.

    8 External Disease and Cornea

    Chapter 14: Clinical Aspects of Toxic and Traumatic Injuries of the Anterior Segment

    Concussive (Blunt) Trauma

    Traumatic Hyphema

    Traumatic hyphema occurs most commonly in young men, as this demographic experiences more ocular trauma than any other. Trauma causes posterior displacement of the lens–iris interface with equatorial scleral expansion. The increase in equatorial diameter stretches the major iris arterial circle, arterial branches of the ciliary body, and/or recurrent choroidal arteries and veins. The hyphema results from injury to the vessels of the peripheral iris, iris sphincter, or anterior ciliary body (Fig 14-18). The bleeding may be so subtle that it can be detected only as a few circulating red blood cells on slit-lamp examination (microscopic hyphema; Fig 14-19), or it may form a clot in the anterior chamber (layered hyphema; Fig 14-20). Alternatively, the bleeding may be severe enough to fill the anterior chamber completely. The prognosis for traumatic hyphema is generally good and is independent of the size of the hyphema, as long as no additional complications are present. Even total, or eight-ball, hyphemas (Fig 14-21) can resolve without sequelae. Traumatic hyphema is frequently associated with corneal abrasion, anterior uveitis, and mydriasis, as well as with simultaneous injuries to the angle structures, lens, posterior segment, and orbit.

    Figure 14-17 Ultrasound biomicroscopy of cyclodialysis.

    (Courtesy of David Rootman, MD.)

    Figure 14-18 Mechanism of hyphema and blunt force injury to the eye. Blunt force applied to the eye displaces the aqueous volume peripherally, causing an increase in hydraulic pressure at the lens, iris root, and trabecular meshwork. If this “wedge of pressure” exceeds the tensile strength of ocular structures, the vessels in the peripheral iris and the anterior ciliary body may rupture, leading to hyphema. The force may cause scleral ruptures, typically at the limbus and posterior to the muscle insertions, where the sclera is thinner and unsupported by the orbital bones. Severe trauma leads to lens subluxation, retinal dialysis, optic nerve avulsion, and/or vitreous hemorrhage.

    (Illustration by Cyndie C.H. Wooley.)

    Figure 14-19 Microscopic hyphema with blood on the endothelial surface following blunt trauma.

    (Courtesy of Woodford S. Van Meter, MD.)

    Figure 14-20 Layered hyphema from blunt trauma.

    Spontaneous hyphema (ie, a hyphema that occurs without any history of trauma) is much less common and should alert the examiner to the possibility of rubeosis iridis (mainly central retinal vein obstruction and diabetic retinopathy), clotting abnormalities, herpetic disease, or intraocular lens (IOL) problems. Juvenile xanthogranuloma, retinoblastoma, iris vascular hamartomas, and leukemia are associated with spontaneous hyphema in children.

    Figure 14-21 Total, or “eight-ball,” hyphema.

    Rebleeding

    The major concern after a traumatic hyphema is rebleeding, which is seen in less than 5% of cases. Rebleeding usually occurs between 3 and 7 days after injury as a result of clot lysis and retraction. A complication associated with rebleeding is elevated IOP (seen in 50% of patients), which can potentially lead to glaucoma and optic atrophy.

    The combination of elevated IOP, corneal endothelial damage, and blood in the anterior chamber can result in corneal blood staining (Fig 14-22A). Red blood cells within the anterior chamber release hemoglobin that penetrates the posterior corneal stroma, where it is absorbed by keratocytes. Within the keratocytes, breakdown of the hemoglobin into hemosiderin can result in the death of the keratocytes. It may be difficult to detect when blood is in apposition to the endothelium on slit-lamp examination; however, close observation reveals early blood staining as yellow granular changes and reduced fibrillar definition in the posterior corneal stroma. Blood staining can lead to a reduction in corneal transparency that may be permanent. Histologically, red blood cells and their breakdown products can be seen within the corneal stroma. Corneal blood staining often clears slowly, starting in the periphery (Fig 14-22B).

    Medical management of traumatic hyphema

    The treatment plan for traumatic hyphema should be directed at minimizing the possibility of secondary hemorrhage, controlling inflammation, and mitigating elevated IOP. It is essential that the patient wear a protective shield over the injured eye; restrict physical activity; elevate the head of the bed; and be observed closely, with daily observation initially. To reduce the risk of rebleeding, nonaspirin analgesics should be used for pain relief; however, even nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications can increase the risk of rebleeding. Most patients can be managed on an outpatient basis, but if satisfactory home care and outpatient observation cannot be ensured, admission to the hospital may be required.

    Most ophthalmologists administer long-acting topical cycloplegic agents initially to control inflammation and improve patient comfort, facilitate posterior segment evaluation, and eliminate iris movement. Topical corticosteroids are beneficial in controlling anterior chamber inflammation and preventing synechiae formation, and they may play a role in preventing rebleeding. Oral corticosteroids are controversial in the treatment of hyphema but may be used to facilitate the resolution of severe inflammation and/or to prevent rebleeding.

    Figure 14-22 A, Dense corneal blood staining after a traumatic hyphema. B, Clearing of central corneal blood staining.

    (Courtesy of Robert W. Weisenthal, MD.)

    Aggressive treatment of elevated IOP is important to reduce the risk of corneal blood staining and optic atrophy. Topical antihypertensive agents (β-blockers and α-agonists) are the mainstay of therapy, although intravenous or oral hyperosmotic agents may occasionally be required. If medical management fails to control IOP, surgical evacuation of the blood may be required in order to reduce the risk of permanent corneal blood staining.

    Antifibrinolytic agents (eg, aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid, prednisone) were previously thought to reduce the incidence of rebleeding, but studies have shown no statistical improvement in visual outcome. Because these agents can have significant adverse effects (eg, nausea, vomiting, postural hypotension, muscle cramps, conjunctival suffusion, nasal stuffiness, headache, rash, pruritus, dyspnea, toxic confusional states, and arrhythmias), they are rarely used today in the treatment of hyphema.

    Gharaibeh A, Savage HI, Scherer RW, Goldberg MF, Lindsley K. Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(12):CD005431.

    Surgical intervention in traumatic hyphema

    Surgery should be performed at the earliest definitive detection of corneal blood staining. Some authors suggest that surgery is indicated when IOP is higher than 25 mm Hg on average for 5 days with a total hyphema or when IOP is higher than 60 mm Hg for 2 days. Patients with preexisting optic nerve damage or sickle cell hemoglobinopathies may require earlier intervention. Indications for surgical intervention are summarized in Table 14-4.

    The simplest way to surgically treat a persistent anterior chamber clot is anterior chamber irrigation with balanced salt solution through a limbal paracentesis. The goal is to remove circulating red blood cells that may obstruct the trabecular meshwork; removal of the entire clot is neither necessary nor wise because of the risk of a secondary hemorrhage. The irrigation procedure can be repeated. If irrigation is not successful, the irrigation/aspiration handpiece, used in cataract surgery, may be effective. The use of a cutting instrument or intraocular diathermy may be necessary in severe cases. Iris damage, lens injury, endothelial cell trauma, and additional bleeding are potentially serious complications of surgical intervention.

    Table 14-4 Indications for Surgical Intervention in Traumatic Hyphema

    Sickle cell complications

    When a traumatic hyphema develops in an African American patient, a sickle cell workup should be performed to investigate the possibility of sickle cell hemoglobinopathy. Patients with sickle cell disease and carriers of the sickle cell trait are predisposed to sickling of red blood cells in the anterior chamber. Because sickle cells have restricted outflow through the trabecular meshwork, they may raise IOP dramatically. In addition, the optic nerve seems to be at greater risk of damage in patients with sickle cell disease, even those with modest IOP elevation, presumably as a result of a decrease in blood flow to the optic nerve.

    The clinician must make every effort to control elevated IOP in these patients. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and osmotic agents reduce aqueous pH and lead to hemo-concentration, both of which may exacerbate sickling of red blood cells. For this reason, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors should be avoided in sickle cell patients. Surgical intervention is recommended if average IOP remains 25 mm Hg or higher after the first 24 hours or if there are repeated, transient elevations, with IOP higher than 30 mm Hg for 2–4 days, despite medical intervention.

    Bansal S, Gunasekeran DV, Ang B, et al. Controversies in the pathophysiology and management of hyphema. Surv Ophthalmol. 2015;61(3):297–308.

    Campagna JA. Traumatic hyphema: current strategies. Focal Points: Clinical Modules for Ophthalmologists. San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2007, module 10.

    Excerpted from BCSC 2020-2021 series: Section 10 - Glaucoma. For more information and to purchase the entire series, please visit https://www.aao.org/bcsc.

  • Most Commented
    Loading, please wait...
    There are no comments available.
    Most Viewed
    Loading, please wait...
    Most Viewed content is not available.
  • The Academy Store
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Complete Print Set
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Complete eBook Set
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Complete Print and eBook Set
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Residency Print Set
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Residency eBook Set
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course Complete Set
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course Residency Set
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 01: Update on General Medicine
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 02: Fundamentals and Principles of Ophthalmology
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 03: Clinical Optics and Vision Rehabilitation
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 04: Ophthalmic Pathology and Intraocular Tumors
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 05: Neuro-Ophthalmology
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 06: Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 07: Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 08: External Disease and Cornea
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 09: Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 10: Glaucoma
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 11: Lens and Cataract
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 12: Retina and Vitreous
    2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 13: Refractive Surgery
    The Technician Point System: How to Improve Practice Accountability and Bottom Line (Free Member Webinar)
    Transitioning Your Practice: Retiring, Selling or Buying a Practice (Free Member Webinar)
    2022 IRIS Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Preparation Kit
    Advances in Medical and Surgical Management: The 2022 Update on Glaucoma
    Presbyopia-Correcting IOLs
    2022 Codequest - Multistate (Recorded March 29)
    2022 Codequest Virtual (Multistate)
    Retina Patient Education Video Collection
    Cataract and Refractive Surgery Patient Education Video Collection
    Glaucoma Patient Education Video Collection
 
  • Contact Us
  • About the Academy
  • Jobs at the Academy
  • Financial Relationships with Industry
  • Medical Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • Help
  • For Advertisers
  • For Media
  • Ophthalmology Job Center

OUR SITES

  • EyeWiki
  • International Society of Refractive Surgery

FOLLOW THE ACADEMY

Medical Professionals

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • YouTube

Public & Patients

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Instagram
  • YouTube

Museum of the Eye

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Instagram
  • YouTube
  • Trip Advisor
  • Yelp
© American Academy of Ophthalmology 2022