In adult-onset glaucoma, surgery is offered after conservative therapies have proven inadequate, but in childhood glaucoma, surgery is frequently the first-line treatment. It stands to reason that bleb-less and hardware-free procedures may be particularly suitable for childr…

Grading systems permit the recording of gonioscopic findings for communication and for future reference. The three primary alphanumeric systems that are currently used for grading the angle are those of Scheie, Shaffer, and Spaeth.

The eye should be examined carefully with the slit lamp before beginning gonioscopy. One might see a prominent Schwalbe’s line, atrophy of the iris, or evidence of previous inflammation, surgery, or trauma.

There are no characteristic gonioscopic abnormalities in primary open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, or normal-tension glaucoma. Among the abnormalities that can occur with an open angle are pigment dispersion syndrome, and oculodermal melanocytosis.

Both laser and incisional surgery are performed with the aid of gonioscopic visualization of the angle. Incisional surgery includes goniotomy, goniosynechialysis, internally created filtration procedures, and internal revisions of filtration fistulas.

The best preparation for recognizing angle pathology is to become familiar with the many variations of normal. Careful gonioscopic evaluation of the anterior segment follows a routine that evaluates all visible structures in a systematic fashion.

Gonioscopy is a relatively young science, having been developed entirely within the twentieth century. The Greek ophthalmologist Alexios Trantas, who first reported examination of the angle in 1907, viewed the angle in a patient with keratoglobus using a direct ophthalmo…

Many acquired conditions lead to glaucoma, which is by definition secondary glaucoma because it occurs as a result of the acquired condition. These conditions can primarily involve the eye, or be part of a wider systemic condition. Glaucoma may develop many years after the o…