Through a series of lectures and case presentations, this video presents a practical guide to reading optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The OCT features of a large variety of posterior pole pathologies are reviewed, including vitreomacular traction, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular edema, central serous retinopathy, hydroxychloroquine toxicity, and glaucoma. New clinically relevant applications, including OCT to monitor therapy, intraoperative OCT, and OCT angiography, are also reviewed. This information will help ophthalmologists remain current in the interpretation of OCT imaging for diagnosis and management of posterior pole disorders.