In this presentation from Glaucoma Subspecialty Day 2022, Dr. Julie Falardeau reviews patient cases to illustrate how the neuro-ophthalmologist concludes a condition is or is not glaucoma. Differentiating glaucomatous from nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy can be challenging, even for experienced clinicians. Optic nerve cupping is widely recognized as a feature of glaucoma; however, multiple congenital or acquired entities not associated with elevated intraocular pressure or glaucomatous optic nerve disease can result in pathologic optic nerve excavation. Furthermore, congenital optic disc anomalies and acquired nonglaucomatous optic neuropathies can also present with visual field defects that are typical of glaucoma. In her talk, Dr. Falardeau highlights various mimickers and imaging findings.