2020–2021 BCSC Basic and Clinical Science Course™
7 Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery
Part I: Orbit
Chapter 2: Evaluation of Orbital Disorders
Highlights
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Historical information guides the diagnosis of orbital disorders.
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The evaluation of an orbital disorder should distinguish orbital from periorbital and intraocular lesions.
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Orbital disorders often present with globe displacement, and careful physical examination of the pattern of change is necessary in the clinical workup.
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Select orbital disorders can present with characteristic periorbital changes that guide in diagnosis.
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Orbital disease can be categorized into 5 basic clinical patterns:
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inflammatory (acute, subacute, and chronic)
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mass effect (causing globe displacement with axial or nonaxial proptosis)
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structural (congenital or acquired change in the bony orbital structure)
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vascular (venous or arterial lesions with characteristic dynamic changes)
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functional (sensory and/or motor dysfunction of neurovascular structures)
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Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the primary imaging modalities for orbital disorders.
Excerpted from BCSC 2020-2021 series: Section 10 - Glaucoma. For more information and to purchase the entire series, please visit https://www.aao.org/bcsc.