Highlights

• pinhole optics and the role of lenses

• convex (spherical) lenses: imaging distant objects, focal length, and power

• adjacent lenses taken together: addition of lens powers

• imaging nearby objects: vergence and the vergence equation

• concave (spherical) lenses

• imaging in air and denser media: correction for index of refraction

• axial refractive errors: myopia and hyperopia

• astigmatism and cylindrical lenses

Excerpted from BCSC 2020-2021 series : Section 3 - Clinical Optics. For more information and to purchase the entire series, please visit https://www.aao.org/bcsc.