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Red reflex in Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS)
AUG 07, 2023
Slit lamp red reflex of 5-year-old female child with diffuse choroidal angiomas and "tomato ketchup fundus."
Image
0
84
Thyroid eye disease
JUL 20, 2023
Thyroid eye disease. This patient with thyroid orbitopathy has bilateral eyelid retraction, proptosis, and left hypotropia.
Image
0
41
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
APR 05, 2023
A 42-year-old with a 2-year history of progressive ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. Biopsy of the deltoid muscle showed ragged red fibers consistent with CPEO.
Image
0
81
Ciliary body cyst
MAR 27, 2023
A 35-year-old man complains of shadows in temporal side of his right eye for the last 4 months. A ultrasound biomicroscopy confirms the cystic nature of the mass.
Image
0
125
Cysticercosis
JAN 03, 2023
Multipart image showing multiple cysticercosis in brain, orbital muscles, orbital fat, optic nerve sheath.
Image
0
197
Vitreous base avulsion
JUL 07, 2022
Vitreous base avulsion (or vitreous band) in a case of suspected neurofibromatosis. Only two cases of which have been reported in confirmed cases of neurofibromatosis. Vitreous base avulsions are linear vitreous opacities overlapping the peripheral retina, often resulting in…
Image
0
559
Cerebral venous sinus system
FEB 17, 2022
A,
Cerebral venous sinus system.
B,
Drainage of the cavernous sinus.
Image
0
101
Visual field
JAN 20, 2022
Automated threshold visual field, central 30 degrees, right eye. Left eye is normal.
Image
0
7
Congenitally full optic disc
JAN 19, 2022
Congentially full optic discs. Central physiologic cup is absent and blood vessels on surfae of each disc have an anomalous pattern.
(A)
Right Eye.
(b)
Left eye.
Image
0
69
Choroidal abnormalities in Neurofibromatosis type 1
DEC 10, 2021
A 28-year-old man (Patient 1) and a 31-year-old woman (Patient 2), were referred to the eye clinic after dermatological finding of six and eight café-au-lait macules over 15 mm in maximum diameter, respectively. Medical history was unremarkable. Patients were fully asymptoma…
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0
431
Causes of monocular transient visual loss
DEC 01, 2021
Flowchart for the classification of causes of monocular transient visual loss (TVL) and the appropriate investigations. AC = anterior chamber; BP = blood pressure; CBC = complete blood count; CRP = C-reactive protein; CRVO = central retinal vein occlusion; CTA = computed tom…
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0
87
Acute idiopathic blind-spot enlargement (AIBSE) syndrome
DEC 01, 2021
Acute idiopathic blind-spot enlargement (AIBSE) syndrome. A, Color photograph shows peripapillary pigmentary changes. B, Humphrey 24-2 SITA Standard visual field shows an enlarged blind spot with sensitivity of 0 dB in this region. C and D: mfERG shows depression (C) with fl…
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0
169
Myelinated nerve patches and ONH
DEC 01, 2021
Myelinated nerve patches are often present within the arcuate bundles, occasionally abutting the ONH. When contiguous, these nerve patches may be mistaken for ONH edema or cotton-wool spots.
B,
A normal ONH.
Image
0
4
Papillophlebitis
DEC 01, 2021
Papillophlebitis. ONH edema in a 28-year-old woman with engorgement and tortuosity of the retinal venous system. Visual acuity was 20/30.
Image
0
156
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
DEC 01, 2021
Sagittal T2-weighted MRI of the spinal cord in a patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder depicting a T2-hyperintense lesion over more than 3 vertebral segments
Image
0
28
Abnormalities of facial movement
DEC 01, 2021
Distribution and topical diagnosis of CN VII lesions. 1. Supranuclear facial palsy: contralateral weakness of lower two-thirds of the face with accompanying weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle; retained expression 2. Nuclear facial palsy: facial monoplegia (congenital)…
Image
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25
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy
DEC 01, 2021
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy in a 39-year-old woman with a 25-year history of poor vision, with slow decline. A and B, Color fundus photographs show temporal pallor with some excavation and cupping. C, OCT shows diffuse peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning wi…
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0
4
Catheter angiography
NOV 23, 2021
Digital subtraction angiogram, lateral view, demonstrates an aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery (
arrow
). ACA = anterior cerebral artery; ICA = internal carotid artery; MCA = middle cerebral artery.
Image
0
14
Cancer-associated retinopathy
NOV 23, 2021
Cancer-associated retinopathy. A and B, Fundus photographs show mild arteriolar attenuation and findings of macular drusen and trace epiretinal membrane in the left eye. C–G: Full-field electroretinography testing is not recordable under scotopic conditions, and the maximum…
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0
4
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy
NOV 23, 2021
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR). A and B, Humphrey 24-2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm (SITA) Standard visual field shows bitemporal hemianopia not respecting the vertical meridian. C and D, Fundus photographs reveal retinal atrophy and pigmentary chang…
Image
0
3
Color vision testing
NOV 23, 2021
Pseudoisochromatic plates for color vision testing.
A,
Ishihara plate.
B,
Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) plate.
Image
0
130
Contrast sensitivity testing
NOV 23, 2021
A,
Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart.
B,
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) high-contrast chart.
C,
ETDRS low (2.5%)–contrast chart.
Image
0
4
OCT and chiasmal lesions
NOV 23, 2021
OCT GC-IPL showing binasal thinning due to chiasmal compression from a pituitary adenoma.
Image
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3
Conjunctivochalasis
NOV 23, 2021
Advanced conjunctivochalasis in the left eye, with a redundant, nonedematous conjunctiva overriding the lid margins.
Image
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217
Fluorescein angiography (FA)
NOV 23, 2021
A–C: ONH pseudoedema with no ONH leakage on fluorescein angiography (FA). Fundus photograph (A); early (B) and late (C) FA images. D–F: ONH edema with ONH leakage on FA. Fundus photograph (D); early (E) and late (F) FA images. G–I: ONH edema with ONH leakage on FA. Wide-fiel…
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0
4
Optical coherence tomography
NOV 23, 2021
Normal optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan of the optic nerve and retina. The layers of the retina are labeled. BM = Bruch membrane; INL = inner nuclear layer; IPL = inner plexiform layer; ONL = outer nuclear layer; OPL = outer plexiform layer; RNFL = retinal nerve fiber…
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0
0
Fluorescein angiography (FA)
NOV 23, 2021
Fluorescein angiography image of the retina shows delayed choroidal filling in a patient presenting with no light perception vision due to giant cell arteritis. The fluorescein dye appears bright in this positive image. The retinal arteries are filled with fluorescein, and t…
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0
11
Carotid cavernous fistula
NOV 23, 2021
A 77-year-old-man, after a misdiagnose of angle-closure glaucoma which was treated with two laser iridotomies, sought a second opinion on ocular redness with eyelid swelling and an intraocular pressure of 35mmHg on maximal tolerated topic therapy. Note on the left anterior…
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27
Automated static perimetry
NOV 23, 2021
Humphrey 24-2 automated static perimetry report, with reliability indices, gray-scale map, probability plots, and statistical analysis.
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29
Early cone dystrophy
NOV 23, 2021
Early cone dystrophy. A and B, Color photographs show a normal-appearing fundus. C and D, Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) shows loss of the central peak bilaterally compared with normal reference. E and F, mfERG demonstrates flattening of the foveal waveforms bilaterall…
Image
0
11
Fundus autofluorescence (FAF)
NOV 23, 2021
A
and
B,
Color photographs showing optic disc drusen (ODD).
C
and
D,
Red-free photographs showing autofluorescence of ODD.
E
and
F,
Fundus autofluorescence photographs showing hyperfluorescence of ODD.
Image
0
7
CT of orbital varix
NOV 23, 2021
CT of orbital varix with Valsalva maneuver.
A,
Normal under resting conditions.
B,
During Valsalva maneuver, a large orbital varix (
arrow
) is clearly evident.
Image
0
13
Mandibular division
NOV 23, 2021
The divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
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0
1
Saccadic system
NOV 23, 2021
The saccadic system comprises visually reflexive movements (derived from the parietal eye field) and memory-guided and volitional movements (derived from the frontal eye field). Supplemental eye fields receive input from frontal eye fields and program saccades projecting to…
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0
5
Rakelike defects
NOV 23, 2021
A, In this color fundus photograph, the ONH shows temporal pallor with loss of the nerve fiber layer in the papillomacular bundle. Superiorly and inferiorly along the arcades, rakelike defects (arrows) are seen in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL). Use of t…
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0
80
Sixth cranial nerve
NOV 23, 2021
Illustration of the axial course of CN VI from its origin in the pons to the lateral rectus muscle.
Image
0
11
Morning glory syndrome with serous retinal detachment
JUL 08, 2021
Morning glory syndrome with serous retinal detachment. Enlarged and funnel-shaped excavation of right optic disc with hyperplastic glial tissues in the central disc, peripapillary pigment abnormality, multiple anomalous straight vessels radiating circumferentially from the o…
Image
0
16
Papillitis
JUN 24, 2021
Papillitis. The disc is swollen, with blurred disc margins. In papillitis, the disc is hyperemic, rather than pale as in ischemic optic neuropathy. Papillitis is usually unilateral. Bilateral papillitis can be differentiated from papilledema based on decreased visual acuity…
Image
0
37
Ischemic optic neuropathy
JUN 24, 2021
Ischemic optic neuropathy. This figure shows pale swelling of the optic disc, with associated flame-shaped hemorrhages.
Image
0
4
Temporal pallor of the optic nerve
JUN 24, 2021
Temporal pallor of the optic nerve. Diseases that damage optic nerve fibers may result in temporal pallor of the optic nerve. Note the normal nerve color present only on the nasal aspect of the disc.
Image
0
31
Papilledema
JUN 24, 2021
Papilledema. The optic disc is elevated and the margins are indistinct. There is microvascular congestion on the disc, the retinal veins are dilated, and flame-shaped hemorrhages are present. The appearance in the other eye should be similar.
Image
0
10
Von Hippel Lindau disease
JUN 16, 2021
Fundus Montage of a 34-year-old female with diagnosis of von Hippel Lindau disease and presenting 2 cappilary hemangiblastomas.
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0
1
Papilledema
JUN 09, 2021
The most common ocular manifestation of intracranial hypertension is optic disc swelling, which in this condition is referred to as papilledema.
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0
7
Neurofibromatosis
JUN 09, 2021
Classical neurofibromatosis (NF1) is among the most common inherited disorders in humans, with an estimated incidence of 3 in 10,000.
Image
0
4
Diabetic papillopathy
JUN 02, 2021
Diabetic papillopathy with eventual optic atrophy. Disc edema, hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots in 52-year-old patient with a 6-year history of diabetes. Visual acuity is 20/25. (B) About 3 years later, diffuse optic atrophy is present. Visual acuity is 20/100.
Image
0
74
Cranial nerve III palsy
JUN 02, 2021
Right cranial nerve III palsy in a 71-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes.
Image
0
3
Thyroid-related orbitopathy
MAY 26, 2021
Thyroid-related orbitopathy. (A) 35-year-old male developed bilateral acute orbital cellulitis as initial onset of thyroid-related orbitopathy. Lateral cantholysis and pulsed intravenous corticosteroids compromised initial therapy. (B) Axial CT demonstrates proptosis and mo…
Image
0
2
Parallel visual processing pathways
FEB 05, 2021
Parallel visual processing pathways in the human brain. The occipitotemporal (ventral, or “what”) pathway begins in the striate cortex (V1) and projects to the angular gyrus for language processing, to the inferior temporal lobe for object identification, and to the limbic s…
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0
419
Third nerve palsy with pupil sparing
JAN 21, 2021
Right third nerve palsy with complete ptosis pupil sparing.
Image
0
59
Hollenhorst plaque
JAN 21, 2021
Hollenhorst plaque. Patient with atrial fibrillation, mitral valve stenosis, aortic valve replacement, congestive heart failure hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Embolus formed from cholesterol deposition. Refractile, yellow crystals most commonly found at bifurcations of ret…
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0
349
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