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Pediatric Ophth/Strabismus
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Upper eyelid coloboma
MAY 16, 2023
A photograph of a newborn with congenital upper eyelid coloboma.
Image
0
22
Straatsma syndrome
APR 18, 2023
A 18-year-old female with unilateral extensive myelinated nerve fibers, high axial myopia(-17 D), and deep amblyopia. Straatsma syndrome is a rare disease entity characterized by the traditional triad of unilateral myelinated retinal nerve fibers (MNRF), axial myopia, and am…
Image
0
514
White stalk
MAR 20, 2023
A 6-month-old was investigated for leukocoria; on examination under anesthesia he was found to have persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) with total retinal detachment. PFV is a common cause of leukocoria and results from failure of degeneration of hyaloid vessels and the tunic…
Image
0
109
Incidental finding of Juvenile Retinoschisis
MAR 03, 2023
The figure shows an incidental finding of bilateral juvenile retinoschisis with a partial macula-off retinal detachment found in a non-verbal, developmentally delayed, 5-year-old male during a baseline exam under anesthesia.
Image
0
93
Bacterial orbital cellulitis
FEB 23, 2023
Bacterial orbital cellulitis with proptosis (
A
) secondary to sinusitis (
B
).
Image
0
47
Bilateral nonspecific orbital inflammation
FEB 23, 2023
Bilateral nonspecific orbital inflammation (orbital pseudotumor) in an 11-year old boy with a 1-week history of eye pain. Ocular rotation was markedly limited in all directions. CT confirmed proptosis and showed enlargement of all extraocular muscles. Laboratory workup was…
Image
0
32
Congenital nevocellular nevus
FEB 23, 2023
Congenital nevocellular nevus of the eyelid, present since birth.
Image
0
32
Dystopia canthorum
FEB 23, 2023
Dystopia canthorum in a patient with Waardenburg syndrome. Notice that the vertical lines drawn through the puncta intersect the cornea.
Image
0
181
Teller Acuity Cards
JAN 23, 2023
Teller Acuity Cards can be used to measure visual acuity in a preverbal child. If the pattern is visible to the child, the child looks toward the grating; otherwise, the stripes blend into the gray background and the child shows no preference for looking toward the side of t…
Image
0
13
Recognition visual acuity testing
JAN 23, 2023
Recognition visual acuity testing. A, LEA optotypes; screenshot of an American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus iPad application for visual acuity screening. B, Crowding bars around a single-letter optotype displayed on a clinic monitor for distance vis…
Image
0
19
Near-fixation targets
JAN 23, 2023
Small toys, pictures, and eye charts are used as accommodative near-fixation targets.
Image
0
5
Buphthalmos
JAN 11, 2022
Newborn with congenital glaucoma (right eye), buphthalmose.
Image
0
143
Advance ROP with Old and New Laser Scars
SEP 21, 2021
Stage 3 ROP with plus disease at the border of zones I with old and new laser scars. Former 22+4 week, 390g premature infant with history of intravitreal Bevacizumab at 2 months, and PRP at 6 months presents at 7 months of age. Montage photo is taken after additional laser i…
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4
Strabismic amblyopia
AUG 04, 2021
Atropine penalization of right eye for strabismic amblyopia of the left eye. Upper photo demonstrates fixation at near. Lower photo demonstrates fixation at distance.
Image
0
14
Deprivation amblyopia
AUG 04, 2021
Examples of congenital cataracts affecting the visual axis as demonstrated in these photographs can cause deprivation amblyopia.
Image
0
7
Congenital double lower lacrimal puncta
JUL 20, 2021
Congenital double lower lacrimal puncta are rarely reported.
Image
0
3
Bilateral Brown syndrome
JUL 14, 2021
Bilateral brown syndrome in a 6-year-old female child.
Image
0
6
Fetal nuclear fibers
JUL 08, 2021
Groups of fetal nuclear fibers (N = 40 secondary fiber cells); imaginary pole is included to facilitate perception of lens shape. (A) Neither secondary fibers with opposite end curvature nor those without opposite end curvature extend from pole to pole. (B) Arrangement of se…
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0
1
Corneal light reflex
JUN 08, 2021
The final skill to be mastered in amblyopia screening is testing for alignment of the eyes. The corneal light reflex can be used even in the neonatal period to check the ocular alignment.
Image
0
6
Strabismus
JUN 08, 2021
Strabismus is the most common underlying cause of amblyopia.
Image
0
3
Ophthalmoscope
JUN 08, 2021
Direct your attention to each eye separately, using your right eye to examine the patient’s right eye and your left eye to examine his left eye.
Image
0
1
Congenital cataract
JUN 08, 2021
Mechanical or surgical procedures are often indicated. For example, congenital cataracts, if significant, must be removed at the earliest possible age. Good visual acuity can be obtained if the cataract is removed before the patient reaches 1 to 2 months of age, although the…
Image
0
6
Fix and follow
JUN 08, 2021
By the 2-month checkup, each eye should be tested separately for its ability to fix and follow.
Image
0
26
Preferential looking tests
JUN 08, 2021
There is no simple test to quantify an infant’s visual acuity that is available for use in an office setting. The ophthalmologist may use preferential looking tests or more involved testing methods for such quantification, but these are fairly time-consuming and are not inte…
Image
0
218
Testing visual acuity
JUN 08, 2021
Measuring visual acuity in the office becomes possible with patients between the ages of 18 months and 3 years.
Image
0
1
Amblyopia
JUN 08, 2021
If both eyes are amblyopic, an infant may present with such features of poor vision as a failure to fix and follow an object, wandering eye movements, rhythmic shaking of the eyes (nystagmus), or unusual habits such as eye-poking or hand- waving.
Image
0
1
Ophthalmoscope
JUN 08, 2021
While looking through the ophthalmoscope, illuminate both eyes simultaneously and examine the eyes for clarity of the red reflex at a distance of 1 to 2 feet.
Image
0
2
Evaluation of ambloypia
MAY 27, 2021
Parental concern may initiate the evaluation for amblyopia. Parents may note that their child’s eyes “look different”. Careful examination may reveal such serous concerns as a white pupillary light reflect (leukocoria, top) or an abnormally large cornea, indicating possible…
Image
0
2
Esotropia
MAY 27, 2021
In normally aligned eyes, the corneal light reflect will be centered in the pupil. Esotropia, or “crossed eye,” is a nasal deviation of one or both eyes. As a result of this deviation, the corneal light reflex is decentered temporarily with respect to the pupil.
Image
0
6
Head tilt and misalignment
MAY 27, 2021
In a child with an abnormal head turn or tilt, it is important to place the head in a normal position to check for strabismus, since the child’s preferred head position may hide certain forms of strabismus. Conversely, an ocular misalignment may exist only in one direction o…
Image
0
28
Vertical offset of eyes
MAY 27, 2021
A vertical offset of the eyes will also result in asymmetric localization of the corneal light reflex, with the reflex in the deviating eye below the pupil center (hypertropia) or above the pupil center (hypotropia) while the reflex in the fixating eye will be centered in th…
Image
0
74
Focusing the image
MAY 27, 2021
Focusing the Image. Infants and children with high refractive errors require glasses. or contact lenses to achieve good vision and avoid amblyopia. The ophthalmologist can objectively quantify an abnormal refractive error by altering the quality of the red reflex obtained…
Image
0
1
Exotropia
MAY 27, 2021
In contrast, exotropia is an outward turning of the eye that results in an abnormal corneal reflect that is nasally decentered on the pupil or iris.
Image
0
6
Occlusion therapy
MAY 26, 2021
Patching, or occlusion, therapy is the mainstay of amblyopia treatment. Patching the unaffected or better-seeing eye provides monocular stimulation to the amblyopic eye, promoting more normal visual development. Occlusion therapy is prescribed to improve visual acuity and, a…
Image
0
11
Spider-like persistent pupillary membrane
MAR 22, 2021
Child with spider-like persistent pupillary membrane.
Image
0
54
Sixth nerve palsy
JAN 12, 2021
Sixth nerve palsy, left eye. A, Right gaze. B. Esotropia in primary position. C, Limited abduction, left eye. D, Still incomplete but further abduction of left eye when fixating, a finding important in the plan for surgical correction.
Image
0
22
Type 1 Duane retraction syndrome
JAN 12, 2021
Type 1 Duane retraction syndrome with esotropia, left eye, showing limitation of abduction, almost full adduction and retraction of the globe with adduction. Far right, Compensatory left head turn.
Image
0
4
Visual axis opacification
JAN 07, 2021
Posterior capsulotomy creation via pars plana approach after pediatric lensectomy and IOL insertion.
Image
0
4
Persistent fetal vasculature
JAN 07, 2021
Complex cataract in the setting of persistent fetal vasculature preoperatively
(a)
and postoperatively
(b)
.
Image
0
2
Visual axis opacification
JAN 07, 2021
Cortical regrowth and capsular phimosis after IOL implantation with primary posterior capsulotomy.
Image
0
24
Lateral rectus muscle extirpation technique
JAN 07, 2021
Lateral rectus (LR) muscle extirpation technique. a. LR muscle isolated on a green muscle hook. b. Disinsertion of the muscle. c. A modified Hartmann clamp posteriorly placed. d. Cautery applied to the muscle after excision of its anterior aspect.
Image
0
65
Visual axis opacification
JAN 07, 2021
Slit lamp
(a)
and red-reflex illumination
(b)
of visual axis opacifications after IOL implantation
Image
0
8
Ocular albinism
DEC 07, 2020
Ocular albinism.
Image
0
15
Bruckner test in case of esotropia
DEC 07, 2020
The Bruckner Test is an extremely useful test in the diagnosis for esotropia using a bright coaxial light source.
Image
0
62
Childhood trauma
SEP 27, 2020
Corneal trauma with a bottle in a 1-year-old child causing pupillary displacement.
Image
0
1
Childhood Trauma
SEP 24, 2020
Corneal trauma with a bottle in a one year-old child causing pupillary displacement.
Image
0
3
Massive anterior and ciliary staphyloma
SEP 21, 2020
Mixed staphyloma anterior plus ciliary which is cosmetic blemish on a 4-year-old young boy.
Image
0
9
Massive anterior and ciliary staphyloma
SEP 08, 2020
Mixed staphyloma anterior plus ciliary which is cosmetic blemish on a 4-year-old young boy.
Image
0
31
Ocular albinism
SEP 03, 2020
Picture using phone fundus photography method.
Image
0
3
Ocular albinism
SEP 03, 2020
Iris retroillumination in ocular albinism.
Image
0
3
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