Macular hole with retinal operculum.

Fovea thinning in macula off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Preoperative OCT of a patient with a macula off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was suggestive of cystic swelling of the perifoveal outer plexiform layer, discontinuation of the outer foveal layers and fovea t…

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of a horizontal cross-section of the optic nerve showing significant thickening where myelinated nerve fibers reside. Myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer (MRNFL) lesions occur in less than 1% of the population. These benign lesions are whi…

Senile retinoschisis with inter layer hemorrhage with tears in the inner layer.

A 44-year-old otherwise healthy female presents with 1 year of blurry vision in the right eye and headaches. The patient reported being a daily smoker and having a strong family history of cancer. The patient’s uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 OU, with IOP of 39 OD and 21…

The figure shows an incidental finding of bilateral juvenile retinoschisis with a partial macula-off retinal detachment found in a non-verbal, developmentally delayed, 5-year-old male during a baseline exam under anesthesia.

CT scan demonstrating a nonmetallic IOFB.

Lattice degeneration. A, Wide-field color fundus photograph of lattice degeneration. Vascular sheathing is apparent where vessels cross the area of lattice. Characteristic white lattice lines are visible. B, Color fundus photograph from another patient shows lattice degenera…

Traction RD secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A, Wide-field color fundus photograph of macula-involving traction RD. Extensive fibrotic neovascularization of the optic nerve head extending along the arcade vasculature is visible with associated severe retinal…

Retinal dialysis and macrocysts. A, Wide-field color fundus photograph shows a long-standing macula-off RD with an inferotemporal dialysis (yellow arrow) and large nasal and inferior macrocysts (black arrows) that arise from the outer plexiform layer. B, OCT shows that the d…

Traction retinal detachment in a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Fibrosis with extensive neovascularization can be seen along the superior and inferior arcades. There is vitreous and preretinal hemorrhage along with sclerotic vessels temporally.

Examples of cotton-wool spots. A, Wide-field color fundus photograph of the right eye shows multiple fluffy, ill-defined white parapapillary lesions consistent with cotton-wool spots. Their superficial location is demonstrated by the obscuration of retinal vessels by some of…

An unusual patient with a purely temporal hemiretinal vein occlusion involved a 74-year-old man who presented with blurred vision of his left eye The patient's medical history is significant for systemic hypertension and glaucoma. On examination, his best-corrected visual ac…

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) image of the left eye of a patient who experienced a rock injury at work. Examination revealed macular retinal whitening with visual acuity (VA) decreased to 20/100. OCT image demonstrates increased reflectivity of the pa…

Deferoxamine (also called desferrioxamine) toxicity. A, Fundus photographs show pigmentary macular changes in a patient with sickle cell disease who was receiving deferoxamine for transfusional hemosiderosis. B, Corresponding FAF images highlight the classic reticular pigmen…

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) image and Humphrey visual field (HVF) from a 50-year-old woman who had been using Plaquenil 400 mg daily for 10 years to treat systemic lupus erythematosus. Notably, she also had lupus-related nephrotic syndrome. Her Plaq…

Bilateral, extensive bear tracks in congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE). Inset shows a magnified cluster, highlighting the sharp borders and location deep to the retina (under the retinal vessels), consistent with localization at the level of the…

Rod–cone dystrophy (associated with a pathogenic RDH12 variant) complicated by cystoid macular edema (CME). Montage fundus photograph (A) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (B) at presentation show cysts in the foveal area. CDVA was 20/50. C, SD-OCT 3…

Dark-adaptometry curve in stationary night blindness. The dark-adaptometry curve of this patient (dotted curve) with good vision and nyctalopia and clinical findings of fundus albipunctatus shows no rod adaptation. Dashed curve indicates normal response.

Two additional patterns of early-onset macular dystrophy. A, Multifocal pattern dystrophy simulating fundus flavimaculatus. B, Fundus pulverulentus.

Examples of Stargardt disease. A, Fundus photograph shows paramacular yellowish flecks and “beaten-bronze” central macular atrophy. B, Fluorescein angiography image of the same eye shows a dark choroid, hyperfluorescence associated with the flecks, and bull’s-eye pattern of…

Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with delayed choroidal filling. A, Color fundus photograph showing pallid edema of the right optic nerve head. B, Early venous phase of the angiogram showing incomplete filling of the choroidal lobule surrounding the optic nerve (…

Resolving case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). A, Infrared image shows the hallmark jigsaw pattern pigmentary changes. B, These changes are visible as hyporeflective lesions on the fundus photograph. C, OCT angiography focused on the ch…

A–C: Images from a 10-year-old boy who was referred for evaluation because visual acuity was correctable only to 20/40. Pertinent medical history was his birth at 28 weeks’ gestation. Color photograph (A) shows macular dragging and a blood vessel entering the foveal area. Op…

West Nile virus chorioretinitis. A, Fundus photograph shows chorioretinal lesions in a linear configuration (arrows). B, FA image shows staining of lesions that are characteristically arranged in a linear configuration in some areas.