Systemic arterial hypertension, hemoglobin abnormalities, and arterial macroaneurysms can manifest as various retinal vascular disorders. In some cases, the ophthalmologist may be the physician who makes the initial diagnosis of a systemic disease, making it imperative that the ophthalmologist understand how to detect the related ocular signs. This course discusses the classification, epidemiology and management strategies for the retinal manifestations of notable systemic diseases.