Results of network meta-analysis using single vision spectacle lenses/placebo as referent intervention. Atr = atropine; Atr H = high-dose atropine (1% or 0.5%); Atr L = low-dose atropine (0.01%); Atr M = moderate-dose atropine (0.1%); BSLs = bifocal spectacle lenses; CrI = credible interval; Cyc = cyclopentolate; MOA = more outdoor activities (14–15 hrs/wk); OK = orthokeratology; PASLs = progressive addition spectacle lenses; PBO = placebo; PBSLs = prismatic bifocal spectacle lenses; PDMCLs = peripheral defocus modifying contact lenses; PDMSLs = peripheral defocus modifying spectacle lenses; Pir = pirenzepine; RGPCLs = rigid gas-permeable contact lenses; SCLs = soft contact lenses; SVSLs = single vision spectacle lenses; Tim = timolol; USVSLs = undercorrected single vision spectacle lenses.