In this symposium from AAO 2022, the panelists review knowledge and best practices, including recent clinical research advances, that ophthalmologists should employ to identify patients who should be referred for emergent workup and management. Nonspecific or vague visual symptoms such as transient visual loss, intermittent diplopia, and even ptosis may herald the onset of a serious and urgent systemic disorder such as giant cell arteritis, pituitary apoplexy, cerebrovascular accident, myasthenia gravis, or brain tumor. Prompt recognition of symptoms and signs that differentiate routine disorders from more sinister ones is crucial.