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  • Conjunctival papilloma is often associated with the STD human papilloma virus, or HPV.

    HPV and Conjunctival Papilloma

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    Reviewed By Anat Galor, MD
    Published Jun. 22, 2023

    Conjunctival papilloma is a harmless growth on the surface of the eye. It can occur on the delicate tissue covering the white part of the eye or the tissue lining the innermost part of the eyelid. This growth can affect individuals of all ages. The most common risk factor for conjunctival papilloma is infection with human papilloma virus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted disease. While conjunctival papilloma is not cancerous, it can cause discomfort and may require treatment. Here's what you need to know about this eye condition.

    Types of Conjunctival Papilloma

    The most common type of conjunctival papilloma is a growth that is connected to the eye's surface by a stalk. It can also appear flat or inverted. Your ophthalmologist will perform an exam to diagnose the condition and rule out more serious eye conditions such as ocular surface squamous neoplasia or malignant squamous cell carcinoma.

    How Conjunctival Papillomas Affect Vision

    Although conjunctival papilloma is harmless, it can become painful or feel like there's something in your eye if it grows large enough. Additionally, this growth can disrupt tear flow and lead to insufficient lubrication of the cornea. You will typically notice the presence of a papilloma in your eye if it becomes large enough to cause symptoms. Common symptoms include eye irritation or discomfort, a feeling of dryness, incomplete eye closure, excessive tearing, blood-tinged tears and poor or fluctuating vision.

    Treatment for Conjunctival Papilloma

    Treatment for conjunctival papilloma depends on factors such as its size, location and how it's affecting you. Small growths that do not cause discomfort can be left alone and monitored. Large bothersome papillomas can be surgically removed, often with cryotherapy, to lower the risk of recurrence. Topical and oral medications may help. Additionally, the HPV vaccine, Guardasil-9, is sometimes used to treat conjunctival papilloma.

    "Our goal is to minimize the size of the papilloma before removal. We often begin with the vaccine because of its excellent safety profile. In some cases, it substantially shrinks the lesion, making surgery easier," says ophthalmologist and corneal specialist Anat Galor, MD, MSPH.

    Conjunctival papilloma is a treatable and harmless condition, but it tends to come back after treatment, especially in children and adolescents. Your ophthalmologist may recommend more frequent follow-up appointments after diagnosis.

    Reduce Your Risk of Conjunctival Papilloma

    Since HPV infection is the most common risk factor for conjunctival papilloma, the best way to protect yourself is by getting vaccinated.