The incidence of esotropia associated with moderate myopia appears to be increasing, but there is limited understanding about the condition's pathophysiology. In this session from the "Understanding Myopia: Global Prevalence, Mechanism, Treatment, and Prevention in 2023" symposium at AAO 2023, Laura Kirkeby, OC(C), CO, discusses the current knowledge gaps surrounding esotropia associated with moderate myopia and shares research findings into the possible relationship of esotropia to near work, and the potential management options.