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AAO 2023
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Your Selections:
1-20 of 120 results
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Complications of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy (IAC) for Retinoblastoma: An Updated, Comprehensive Review
AUG 24, 2023
By Reed Jenkins, Colin Lemire, Francisco Altamirano-Lamarque, MD, Darren B Orbach, MD PhD, Deborah Vanderveen, MD, Ankoor S. Shah, MD, PhD, Efrén González, MD
Radiation therapy was pioneered as a treatment for retinoblastoma in the early 20th century, but treatment side effects include craniofacial deformities, cataracts, and optic neuropathy, as well as the demonstrated risk of secondary malignancies. This spurred treatment cente…
Disease Review
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0
Views
140
Pediatric Eyelid Margin Disease: Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and Chalazia
OCT 20, 2021
By Stephanie A. Dotchin, MD, Michael D. Penny, OD
In the pediatric setting, blepharitis often induces a secondary immune-mediated keratitis and conjunctivitis, and the spectrum of the clinical manifestations has been termed blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC). Sight-threatening corneal complications include neovascularizatio…
Disease Review
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0
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2562
Pediatric Macular Disorders
OCT 13, 2021
By
Tatiana Perepelkina, MD
,
Lucia Ambrosio, MD, PHD
,
Anne B Fulton MD
,
Jose Efren Gonzalez Monroy, MD
The etiology and genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of Stargardt disease, Best disease, oculocutaneous albinism, and X-linked retinoschisis are discussed in this chapter.
Disease Review
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0
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2565
Pediatric Retinal Detachments
SEP 28, 2021
By
Yasmin Islam, MD
,
Swati Agarwal-Sinha, MD
Retinal detachments (RDs) in the pediatric population are relatively uncommon. Their etiology includes both congenital and acquired disorders. Their management can be challenging and varies significantly from traditional management in the adult population.
Disease Review
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0
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8247
Pediatric Anterior Uveitis
JUN 02, 2021
By
Pooja Bhat MD
,
Debra A Goldstein MD
Childhood uveitis is a complex condition fraught with challenges in thorough examination, delays in diagnosis, and high ocular morbidity. It is less common than adult uveitis and accounts for 5%–10% of all uveitis seen in tertiary referral clinics.
Disease Review
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0
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4865
Pediatric Posterior and Panuveitis
APR 12, 2021
By
Thellea K Leveque, MD, MPH
Uveitis prevalence is lower in children than adults; it is seen in about 30 cases per 100,000 compared to 93 per 100,000 in adults. However, despite a lower incidence of uveitis in children compared to adults, children may be more likely to suffer vision loss.
Disease Review
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0
Views
1574
Pattern Strabismus
DEC 28, 2020
By
Rohit Saxena, MD, PHD
,
Rebika Dhiman, MD
Vertically incomitant pattern strabismus is used to describe the type of strabismus wherein the amount of horizontal deviation changes during the excursion of the eye from upgaze to downgaze. The pathophysiology of this phenomenon is multifactorial and has been attributed to…
Disease Review
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0
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12486
Pediatric Myasthenia Gravis
DEC 10, 2020
By
Jason H Peragallo, MD
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder involving the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in which there is fatigue of the skeletal musculature, which is potentially life threatening. It is estimated that between 10% and 15% of the cases of myasthenia occur in the pediatri…
Disease Review
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0
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2262
Aicardi Syndrome
SEP 02, 2020
By Shannon Beres, MD
Aicardi syndrome (AS) is a triad of features: agenesis of corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms. The etiology of Aicardi syndrome is unknown; however, the disorder is almost always seen in females and is thought to be a de novo mutation on the X-chromo…
Disease Review
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0
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604
Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles (CFEOM)
AUG 31, 2020
By Mary C Whitman MD PhD, Elizabeth Engle MD, David G Hunter MD PhD
CFEOM is a severe form of strabismus with deficits in ocular motility. Patients with this congenital, nonprogressive disorder have restrictive ophthalmoplegia and eye misalignment, with severe congenital ptosis and a resulting prominent chin-up head position. This disease re…
Disease Review
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0
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1006
Strabismus: Duane Retraction Syndrome
JUL 22, 2020
By
Andrea Delia Molinari, MD
Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a unique restrictive type of strabismus characterized by co-contraction of the medial and lateral rectus muscles due to anomalous innervation of one of the extraocular muscle antagonists during embryogenesis. This chapter has been revised s…
Disease Review
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0
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8215
Pediatric Dry Eye
JUL 15, 2020
By
Edoardo Villani MD
,
Paolo Nucci MD
Pediatric dry eye disease has been considered a rare condition, because of a lack of high-evidence epidemiological and normative data, a poor consensus on the diagnostic algorithm, difficulties in symptom quantification and interpretation, and attention focused on the hypose…
Disease Review
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0
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1212
Considerations in Surgical Correction of Adult Strabismus
JUN 30, 2020
By
Martha Ann Howard, MD
Surgical correction for adult strabismus is occurring at an increased rate, as noted in a study comparing surgical rates between 2000 and 2014. Understanding the impact that strabismus has on patient function, independence, safety, and sense of well-being is as integral to c…
Disease Review
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0
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1281
Pediatric Ocular Congenital Vasculopathies: Part I
JUN 24, 2020
By
Marina Roizenblatt, MD
,
Kim Jiramongkolchai, MD
This chapter of Pediatric Ocular Congenital Vasculopathies focuses on the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, diagnostic examination, and treatment of persistent fetal vasculature, incontinentia pigmenti, and Norrie disease.
Disease Review
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0
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62
Intermittent Exotropia
APR 09, 2020
By
Julius T Oatts, MD
Intermittent exotropia is the most common form of strabismus, characterized by an intermittent outward deviation of the eyes. It affects as much as 1% of the population and most often presents in childhood, affecting females more than males.
Disease Review
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0
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17831
Surgical Treatment in Pediatric Retinal Detachment
MAR 28, 2020
By
Laura Andrea Torrado, MD
,
George D Fivgas MD
Pediatric retinal detachment (RD) is a rare and complicated disease, with a previously reported incidence that ranges from 3% to 13%. Unlike RDs in adults, pediatric RDs tend to have a chronic duration, worse presenting visual acuity, macula involvement, and proliferative vi…
Disease Review
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0
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721
Clinical Guidelines: Childhood Nystagmus Workup
FEB 12, 2020
By
Alina V Dumitrescu, MD
,
Brittni Ashton Scruggs, MD
,
Arlene V Drack MD
Nystagmus is clinically described based on amplitude, frequency, and direction of oscillations. It can be broadly classified as physiologic or pathologic. Except for physiologic nystagmus, all forms should be considered a symptom of a condition rather than a diagnosis in its…
Disease Review
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0
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5042
Amblyopia: Types, Diagnosis, Treatment, and New Perspectives
JUN 25, 2019
By
Roberta M Benetti Zagui, MD, PHD
Early diagnosis of ocular changes associated with amblyopia is crucial for good visual prognosis because it allows treatment to begin at a stage where the visual neurological pathways are still amenable to stimulation, recovery, and reversal of cortical damage.
Disease Review
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0
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17163
Clinical Examination of Ocular Alignment and Binocular Vision in Infants Under Six Months of Age
JUN 05, 2019
By Anna M. Horwood, PhD, DBOT
A parental history of an infant's early-onset strabismus must be taken carefully, and family photographs can be invaluable. Genuine infantile esotropia may have been much smaller or intermittent in the first weeks of life.
Disease Review
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0
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1197
Typical and Atypical Development of Ocular Alignment and Binocular Vision in Infants – The Background
JUN 05, 2019
By Anna M. Horwood, PhD, DBOT
Many visual processes–fixation, ocular alignment, visual acuity, mature motion detection, convergence, accommodation, convergence/accommodation linkages, stereopsis, and emmetropization--develop concurrently postnatally, and if all goes well, these processes reinforce each o…
Disease Review
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0
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1178
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