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In global clinical care and research, ophthalmologists must always act in the best interests of patients and the local community by maintaining high ethical standards. This collection of content reviews the ethical role of trainees and risk management in a global setting, and the numerable ethical challenges in global practice: appropriate supervision, competence, informed consent, perioperative care, patient vulnerability and privacy, and potential conflicts of interest.

Despite a lower overall incidence than nonmelanoma skin cancer, malignant melanoma remains the leading cause of death from all primary skin malignancies. This collection reviews the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and provides outcomes data, guidelines for the surgical excision, and biopsy techniques for the management of the disease.

The ocular surface can be affected by a wide variety of neoplastic lesions, ranging from benign to highly malignant in their behavior. This collection of content reviews the evaluation, diagnostic criteria, and management of corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), melanoma and lymphoma of the conjunctiva, and other neoplasms.

Noninfectious uveitis is often associated with underlying systemic conditions. For this reason, the specific diagnosis is of critical importance so that therapy is initiated when appropriate, for both ocular and systemic inflammatory disease. A thorough understanding of immunomodulatory agents is also paramount for the successful management of patients with noninfectious uveitis. This collection of content reviews the diagnostic hallmarks, traditional therapies, and newer lines of therapeutic agents for noninfectious uveitis.

Optic atrophy refers to the permanent involution of the optic nerve resulting in an altered appearance, or pallor, of the optic nerve head. This collection of content reviews the hallmarks of optic atrophy and a selection of disorders associated with its development.

With incidence estimated at 2%, accommodative esotropia is one of the most common types of strabismus in childhood. This learning plan reviews various indications and treatment of refractive accommodative esotropia.

Lab testing remains a challenge when investigating intraocular inflammation, and varies based on the particular situation.

Orbital cellulitis is a serious infection occurring most commonly in children. It can result in grave complications, including blindness, brain abscess, and death. This learning plan reviews the disease process, diagnostic workup, and treatment considerations especially in the case of a drug-resistant infection.

HSV keratitis is the most common infectious cause of corneal blindness in the industrialized world. It can mimic other infectious and noninfectious causes of keratitis, and each manifestation calls for a different treatment approach. This learning plan reviews viral pathogenesis and the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas in the management of HSV keratitis.