This collection of content reviews concepts in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and how to evaluate for and surgically manage zonular compromise.

This collection of content reviews ophthalmologists’ ethical obligation to act in the patient’s best interests when obtaining informed consent. Topics include competence, disclosure, comprehension, the reasonable person standard, and ophthalmologists’ obligation to obtain more than a consent form signature. Code of Ethics Rule 2 requires the ophthalmologist to personally confirm with the patient (or surrogate) his/her comprehension of the consent information.

The Academy has compiled this Learning Plan as a study companion for the Quarterly Questions program that the ABO is piloting as an alternative to the DOCK exam.

Despite a lower overall incidence than nonmelanoma skin cancer, malignant melanoma remains the leading cause of death from all primary skin malignancies. This collection reviews the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and provides outcomes data, guidelines for the surgical excision, and biopsy techniques for the management of the disease.

The ocular surface can be affected by a wide variety of neoplastic lesions, ranging from benign to highly malignant in their behavior. This collection of content reviews the evaluation, diagnostic criteria, and management of corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), melanoma and lymphoma of the conjunctiva, and other neoplasms.

Noninfectious uveitis is often associated with underlying systemic conditions. For this reason, the specific diagnosis is of critical importance so that therapy is initiated when appropriate, for both ocular and systemic inflammatory disease. A thorough understanding of immunomodulatory agents is also paramount for the successful management of patients with noninfectious uveitis. This collection of content reviews the diagnostic hallmarks, traditional therapies, and newer lines of therapeutic agents for noninfectious uveitis.

Optic atrophy refers to the permanent involution of the optic nerve resulting in an altered appearance, or pallor, of the optic nerve head. This collection of content reviews the hallmarks of optic atrophy and a selection of disorders associated with its development.

With incidence estimated at 2%, accommodative esotropia is one of the most common types of strabismus in childhood. This learning plan reviews various indications and treatment of refractive accommodative esotropia.

Lab testing remains a challenge when investigating intraocular inflammation, and varies based on the particular situation.