2020–2021 BCSC Basic and Clinical Science Course™
4 Ophthalmic Pathology and Intraocular Tumors
Part I: Ophthalmic Pathology
Chapter 6: Cornea
Degenerations, Depositions, and Ectasias
Corneal Graft Failure
Corneal graft failure typically results from significant loss of endothelial cells in grafted donor corneal tissue (Fig 6-14). It is one of the most common indications for PK or endothelial keratoplasty (EK). Graft failure after PK or EK may occur within a few weeks of surgery (primary graft failure), gradually over time, or following an acute rejection episode. Wound-related complications, such as fibrous or epithelial ingrowth or downgrowth, can also contribute to graft failure and are most common with PK grafts (see Fig 6-14E, F). The final common pathway is endothelial cell loss. When endothelial failure occurs, associated bullous keratopathy often develops. A delicate, fibrous retrocorneal membrane (fibrous downgrowth) may be seen, and there is a paucity or absence of endothelial cells. For various types of EK, additional important etiologies of graft failure include traumatic intracameral insertion of donor tissue, loss of adherence of the donor lenticule to the posterior stroma, and prolonged presence of the air bubble in the anterior chamber. See also BCSC Section 8, External Disease and Cornea.
Excerpted from BCSC 2020-2021 series: Section 4 - Ophthalmic Pathology and Intraocular Tumors. For more information and to purchase the entire series, please visit https://www.aao.org/bcsc.