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  • Use of Orthokeratology for the Prevention of Myopic Progression in Children OTA

    AAO OTAC Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care
    Pediatric Ophth/Strabismus
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    Abstract

    A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology Ophthalmic Technology Assessment Committee Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Panel: Deborah K. VanderVeen, MD,1 Raymond T. Kraker, MSPH,2 Stacy L. Pineles, MD,3 Amy K. Hutchinson, MD,4   Lorri B. Wilson, MD,5 Jennifer A. Galvin, MD,6 Scott R. Lambert, MD,7

    Ophthalmology, Vol. 126, Issue 4, p623–636, © 2019 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Click here for free access to the OTA.

    Objective: To review the published evidence to evaluate the ability of orthokeratology (Ortho-K) treatment to reduce myopic progression in children and adolescents compared with the use of spectacles or daytime contact lenses for standard refractive correction.

    Methods: Literature searches of the PubMed database, the Cochrane Library, and the databases of clinical trials were last conducted on May 23, 2017 with no date restrictions but limited to articles published in English. These searches yielded 162 citations, of which 13 were deemed clinically relevant for full-text review and inclusion in this assessment. The panel methodologist then assigned a level of evidence rating to the selected studies.

    Results: The 13 articles selected for inclusion include 3 prospective, randomized clinical trials; 7 nonrandomized, prospective comparative studies; and 3 retrospective case series. One study provided level I evidence, 11 studies provided level II evidence, and 1 study provided level III evidence. Most studies were performed in populations of Asian ethnicity. Change in axial length was the primary outcome for 10 of 13 studies, and change in refraction was the primary outcome for 3 of 13 studies. In these studies, Ortho-K typically reduced axial elongation by approximately 50% over a 2-year study period. This corresponds to average axial length change values of about 0.3 mm for Ortho-K patients compared with 0.6 mm for control patients, which corresponds to a typical difference in refraction of about 0.5 D. Younger-age groups and individuals with larger than average pupil size may have a greater effect with Ortho-K. Rebound can occur after discontinuation or change to alternative refractive treatment.

    Conclusions: Orthokeratology may be effective in slowing myopic progression for children and adolescents, with a potentially greater effect when initiated at an early age (6–8 years). Safety remains a concern because of the risk of potentially blinding microbial keratitis from contact lens wear.

    1 Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 

    2 Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida

    3 Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California

    4 Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

    5 Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OregonDepartment of Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

    6 Eye Physicians & Surgeons PC, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

    7 Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California