This study shows that the upright-supine test with the head centered is not a sensitive method to differentiate an acute or subacute skew deviation from a fourth nerve palsy.

This week, a report shows ophthalmologists’ salaries are on the rise, a former Super Bowl MVP connects underprivileged children with affordable eye care and a glaucoma-detection device called the GonioPEN aims to replace the gonioscope.

Findings from this case-control study support the hypothesis that vitamin A can slow loss of cone function in children with common forms of retinitis pigmentosa.

Ocular motor research in the past half-century has produced remarkable advances in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the several types of nystagmus seen in infancy and childhood. Research results to better enable the clinician to make accurate diagnoses and provide safe and effective treatment are discussed in this chapter.

Esotropia, or "crossed eye," is a nasal deviation of one eye. As a result of this deviation, the corneal light reflex is decentered temporarily with respect to the pupil. In contrast, exotropia is an outward turning of the eye that results in an abnormal corneal reflex that is nasally decentered on the pupil or iris.

In a child with an abnormal head turn or tilt, it is important to place the head in a normal position to check for strabismus, since the child's preferred head position may hide certain forms of strabismus. There is no direct correlation between the angle of strabismus and the depth of amblyopia. In some cases of profound amblyopia, the angle of strabismus may be so small that detection is not possible using only the corneal light reflex, emphasizing the importance of accurate visual acuity testing..

Occlusion Therapy. Patching or occlusion therapy is the mainstay of amblyopia treatment. Patching the unaffected, or "good," eye provides monocular stimulation to the amblyopic eye, promoting visual development. Occlusion therapy is prescribed to improve vision, and as a rule, does not eliminate strabismus.

Weekly case challenge

Researchers examined visual outcomes and complications of Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) implants in a pediatric population.