In this presentation, Dr. David Hardten discusses the management of residual refractive error, irregular astigmatism, and epithelial ingrowth following ablation-related surgery. The presentation is part of the Refractive Surgery for Residents symposium from the 2012 Annual Meeting. The symposium covers the most fundamental topics in refractive surgery, including patient evaluation, topographic evaluation, step-by-step LASIK and PRK, and recognition and management of surgical complications.