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  • Courtesy of Jakkrit Juhong, MD, MSc.
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    Glaucoma

    A 20-year-old female with café au lait spots and multiple cutaneous neurofibromas presented at the ophthalmology clinic for an eye examination. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Ocular examination revealed multiple golden-brown iris nodules, resembling Lisch nodules (white arrowheads), challenging to distinguish from the dark iris background. Unlike flat or minimally elevated iris nevi (white asterisk), Lisch nodules are dome-shaped, rising above the iris with a gold-tan to brown hue and well-defined margins. These nodules are classified as melanocytic hamartomas of the iris and are commonly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), led to her diagnosis and referral to a neurofibromatosis team. Due to their benign nature and no impact on vision, routine annual eye exams were recommended.